{"id":1375,"date":"2023-07-17T20:42:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T18:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/mecanismo-de-accion\/"},"modified":"2024-01-17T14:17:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-17T13:17:25","slug":"mechanism-of-action","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/","title":{"rendered":"Mechanism of action"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1375\" class=\"elementor elementor-1375 elementor-97\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-211d811f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"211d811f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_scrolling&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_mouse&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_devices&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:1,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cdeee9c\" data-id=\"3cdeee9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fe86d86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3fe86d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mechanism of action<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d9d93ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"3d9d93ea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2020e98a\" data-id=\"2020e98a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c84cfc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c84cfc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pharmacokinetics of chlorine dioxide in the form of CDS<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57723e12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57723e12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pharmacokinetics studies the processes through which a drug passes through the body, focusing on the pattern and rate of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. The actions of all drugs are influenced by their pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand pharmacokinetics in order to make informed clinical decisions. This is achieved through the following points:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Absorption: how the drug enters the bloodstream.<\/li><li>Distribution: how the drug is distributed throughout the body tissues.<\/li><li>Metabolism: how the drug is processed and transformed in the body.<\/li><li>Excretion: how the drug is eliminated from the body.<\/li><\/ul><p>CDS release, CDS is a chlorine dioxide gas extremely soluble in water, due to its small size and V-shaped water molecule-like structure, able to create an ensemble due to a molecular angle of 117.6\u00ba that matches the 104.45\u00ba of\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">H<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9.6px; white-space-collapse: preserve; background-color: var(--base-3);\">2<\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--base-3);\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--base-3);\">\u00a0in such a way that it creates hexagonal structures.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0This is a very interesting electromolecular effect,\u00a0 and it can be observed in microscopy after applying chlorine dioxide in\u00a0 blood Rouleaux with low oxygen\u00a0 after a few minutes. This phenomenon is fascinating as it demonstrates the ability of CDS to form ordered, hexagonal structures in a biological environment.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Furthermore, the ability of CDS to rapidly dissolve in water and create these unique assemblies demonstrates its potential to be used in various fields, such as medicine and biotechnology. Studies have shown that CDS has antimicrobial oxidant and as well antioxidant properties due to its ORP oxidation-reduction potential (e.g., against OH* hydroxyl\u00a0 radicals, despite being an oxidant). This makes it a promising candidate for the development of new medical treatments.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In summary, CDS is a fascinating substance with unique and promising scientific and medical qualities.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9afaf3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9afaf3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"207\" src=\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mecanismo-de-accion\u200b-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8303\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mecanismo-de-accion\u200b-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mecanismo-de-accion\u200b-1-300x78.jpg 300w, https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mecanismo-de-accion\u200b-1-768x199.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d0eba38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d0eba38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Absorption of CDS<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddf01d3 elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ddf01d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Once an amount of 30 mg of CDS dissolved in water has been ingested (protocol C), the gas is released by evaporation in the stomach due to its temperature of approximately 36.5\u00ba C. It is important to keep in mind that CDS evaporates at 11\u00ba degrees Celsius, unlike sodium chlorite which evaporates at 170\u00b0C.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Since the human body contains a significant amount of water, the mucous membranes of the stomach absorb this dissolved gas immediately. Because of its size, CDS easily diffuse\u00a0 the stomach walls according to Fick&#8217;s gas diffusion laws and moves through the blood system into the interstitium. Subsequently, it is transported to all parts of the body where water is present, being an extremely small molecule compared to the macromolecules of conventional drugs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4005aa8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"4005aa8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1e0f04\" data-id=\"e1e0f04\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6415d74d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6415d74d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Distribution in the body<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eb22ea0 elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7eb22ea0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thanks to its high solubility and small size of only 160 nm in water without hydrolysis, the CDS molecule is distributed randomly in the body, following Fick&#8217;s second law of conservation of mass in the absence of any chemical reaction.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Chlorine dioxide (<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>) transports oxygen:<\/p><p>1 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0contains 0.48 mg of oxygen.<\/p><p>1 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0is equivalent to 1.49 x 10-5 moles.<\/p><p>1 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0potentially contains 8.97 x 1018 molecules of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>.<\/p><p>1 mole of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0occupies 22400 ml under normal conditions.<\/p><p>1 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0can potentially release 0.334 ml of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>.<\/p><p>Each ml of concentrated 0.3% CDS (3000 ppm) contains 3 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3943c56c-7fff-527a-867c-a1f0b6b44253\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20f13d4\" data-id=\"20f13d4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c2b0a53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7c2b0a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"O2-Bindungskurve\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Nzc1LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvYW5kcmVhc2thbGNrZXIuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wOFwvTzItQmluZHVuZ3NrdXJ2ZS5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"536\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-775\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png 536w, https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve-300x284.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79e1a813 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"79e1a813\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-364ef19e\" data-id=\"364ef19e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ed2cf16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ed2cf16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The amount of oxygen carried by chlorine dioxide is of great interest. It is pertinent to mention that the molecular weight of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0is 67 g\/mol, while the molecular weight of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0is 32 g\/mol. Therefore, oxygen constitutes 48% of the molecular weight of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>. In this sense, it can be inferred that approximately 0.48 mg of oxygen is found in 1 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Considering that 1 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0is equivalent to 1.49 x 10-5 moles, it can be deduced that in 1 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0there are potentially about 8.97 x 1018 molecules of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>. Under normal conditions, 1 mole of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0occupies 22.400 ml. Therefore, in 1 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0could release approximately 0.334 ml <span style=\"color: #000000;\">of\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"background-color: var(--base-3);\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p>Considering protocol C for covid-19, which consists of 10 ml of CDS at 3000 ppm, each ml of concentrated 0.3% CDS contains 3 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>It is relevant to note that 1 ml of CDS can release 1.44 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span> an amount equivalent to 1 ml of dissolved\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0in plasma. This figure is similar to the oxygen carried by 0.72 grams of hemoglobin under a partial pressure of oxygen of 100%. Therefore, 10 ml of CDS could provide 10 ml of molecular oxygen in blood after fully reacting in approximately 2-3 hours. It is important to emphasize that oxygen binds to the chlorine dioxide molecule without being consumed, until it reaches the problem area and dissociates in the presence of excess protons, as is the case with coronavirus capsids, which are oxidized by denaturation. In this way, oxygen first reaches the most acidic cells and their compromised mitochondria in the body, then eliminates pathogens or acidic toxins and restores pH balance.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>A beneficial side effect of this is cellular oxygenation. In relation to the amount of oxygen present in the blood, it is relevant to mention the partial pressure of oxygen, known as\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">PO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>. In the pulmonary alveoli,\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">PO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0is 100 Torr, while in the capillaries it is 40 Torr. In interstitial tissue,\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">PO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0is only 10-20 Torr, at the cell membrane level it is 10 Torr and in the cell cytosol it is 2 Torr. In the mitochondria, the\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">PO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0is only about 0.2 Torr.<\/p><p>1 ml of CDS releases 1.44 mg of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>, equivalent to 1 ml of dissolved\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0in plasma.<\/p><p>10 ml of CDS can provide 10 ml of molecular oxygen in blood after fully reacting within 2 hours.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Oxygen is bound to the chlorine dioxide molecule without being consumed and dissociates in the presence of excess protons in the problem area.<\/p><p>The oxygen reaches the most acidic cells and their compromised mitochondria first, and the chlorine ion eliminates pathogens or acidic toxins and restores pH balance.\u00a0<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-3a0c7dc ); background-color: var(--base-3);\">A beneficial side effect is cellular oxygenation.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-3a0c7dc ); background-color: var(--base-3);\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>When we breathe oxygen diffuses through the capillary bed of the alveoli, 97% is bound to hemoglobin, while only the remaining 3% remains dissolved in the plasma. Red blood cells function as oxygen batteries that release oxygen mainly in the presence of lactic acid, a phenomenon known as the Bohr effect.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Blood flow is aprox. 5 l\/min and provides us with an\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0flow of 15 ml\/min, carried in arterial blood. This figure is less than 6% of resting\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0consumption.<\/p><p>However, blood has the capacity to transport a much larger amount of oxygen, thanks to its reversible combination with hemoglobin. Consequently, 1 mole of tetrameric hemoglobin combines with 4 moles of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>. One gram of hemoglobin will combine with 1.39 ml of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0and, considering that in 100 ml of normal blood there are 15 g of hemoglobin, a total of 15 * 1.39 = 20.85 ml of\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2 <\/span><\/span>can be transported.\u00a0<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-3a0c7dc ); background-color: var(--base-3);\">It is important to keep in mind that this 20.85 ml of\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-3a0c7dc ); background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-3a0c7dc ); background-color: var(--base-3);\">\u00a0represents the best case scenario, and would only be achieved if all the hemoglobin were bound to oxygen, i.e., if the s<span style=\"color: #000000;\">aturation of Hb by\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">O<\/span><\/span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3943c56c-7fff-527a-867c-a1f0b6b44253\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"background-color: var(--base-3);\">\u00a0were 100%.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"background-color: var(--base-3);\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"background-color: var(--base-3);\">\u00a0<b>P<\/b><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--base-3);\"><b>rotocol C with 10 ml of CDS 0,3% provides 10.700.000\u00a0 molecules of\u00a0 oxygen for each red blood cell.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"background-color: var(--base-3);\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p><p>It should also be noted that hemoglobin saturation depends on the partial pressure of oxygen, following a sigmoid, non-linear curve. This means that a person with a saturation of 60% only has a partial pressure of oxygen of 30%. This is the reason why covid-19 patients experience a very rapid recovery when they present symptoms of dyspnea.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bab1fd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bab1fd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metabolism<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11892f2a elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11892f2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Metabolism or inactivation of CDS. Unlike conventional drugs, chlorine dioxide as CDS does not need to be inactivated by the body&#8217;s metabolism and its cells are consumed. Excretion of CDS Due to the high presence of sodium in the human body, it can be assumed that the chlorine ion, when reacted with an acid, can only be converted into a small amount of sodium chloride (NaCl sodium salt), which forms an essential part of our metabolism and is excreted naturally through sweat and urine.<br \/><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-3a0c7dc ); background-color: var(--base-3);\"><br \/>The process of metabolism or inactivation of CDS is very different from that of conventional drugs. While the latter need to be processed by the body to be eliminated, chlorine dioxide as CDS is consumed directly by the cells without needing to be inactivated by metabolism. This means that CDS can act faster and more efficiently in the body, as there is no delay or loss of efficacy due to metabolization.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e8eb0ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e8eb0ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Excretion<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e578478 elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e578478\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In relation to the excretion of CDS, it is important to note that its sodium content does not play a relevant role. When the chloride ion reacts with an acid, sodium chloride (sodium salt NaCl) is formed, which is essential for our metabolism. The amount present is so minimal that it is hardly detectable in a venous blood gas measurement and therefore does not adversely affect the renal or hepatic system.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>On the contrary, the oxygen present in\u00a0<span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c5ead391-7fff-6baf-9809-13eaaba86e0c\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><\/span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3943c56c-7fff-527a-867c-a1f0b6b44253\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span>, released during its dissociation, improves renal mitochondrial function by activating it. what has been evidenced by the reduction of creatinine in venous blood gas analysis. The minimum sodium salt is excreted naturally through sweat and urine, thus contributing to sodium balance in the body. In summary, CDS offers a unique advantage in terms of metabolism and excretion compared to conventional drugs. Its ability to be consumed directly by cells and its natural excretion through sweat and urine make it an effective and safe option for the treatment of various conditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d22dee2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d22dee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pharmacodynamics<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7112ab98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7112ab98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs, as well as their mechanisms of action and their impact on an organism. This encompasses the interaction of the drug with its specific receptor.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>However, the question arises: who is the oxygen receptor?<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The main organelle in the body that consumes oxygen is the mitochondria, where it is essential for the production of ATP and thus for the energy of all cells in the human body. The primary effect is the elimination of pathogens or metabolic acids through oxidation with chlorine ion (not to be confused with chlorine). Numerous direct therapeutic effects of chlorine dioxide have been documented with thousands of cases.<\/p><p>No unwanted residues are produced from CDS, as it is broken down into essential body products, such as oxygen and a small amount of common salt, which do not accumulate and are essential to the body.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In over 17 years of research, no serious adverse effects have been observed. In Dr. Manuel Aparicio&#8217;s study with 1370 patients, it was observed that in 6% of the cases there were mild and transient reactions (Herxheimer) mainly in polymedicated patients, and a rapid recovery of COVID-19 symptoms, as well as the reduction of other co-infections or chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Once blood values are normalized thanks to CDS, it is important to take into account the possibility of reducing the use of common and toxic medications, such as insulin or Warfarin. This will avoid putting the patient&#8217;s health at risk with unnecessary medications.<\/p><p><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/p><p><i>Table 1:\u00a0 Inactivation of viruses by chlorine dioxide (<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">ClO<\/span><\/i><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-3943c56c-7fff-527a-867c-a1f0b6b44253\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><i>).<\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"background-color: var(--base-3); color: var( --e-global-color-3a0c7dc );\">From: Kinetics and Mechanisms of Virus Inactivation by Chlorine Dioxide in Water Treatment: A Review<\/span><\/p><p>At this point, after millions of deaths, we implore the World Health Organization and national regulatory bodies, instead of absurd misinformation, to establish a relationship with the COMUSAV physicians and researchers who have successfully used CDS, especially since they have no licensed remedy with similar efficacy.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The COMUSAV International Association is present in over 24 countries and has more than 5000 registered physicians who have applied CDS under Helsinki protocol 37, with oral and intravenous consent of patients. So far, COMUSAV has registered many thousands of cases of complete remission and recovery from COVID-19 within a few days and with absolute success, with no serious side effects. These cases are supported by PCR tests before and after treatment.<b> It has also obtained excellent results in Long Covid and mRNA genetic vaccine damage, helping thousands of cases, including Guillen Barre and cancer, all clinically documented<\/b>.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-27d5d076 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"27d5d076\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8987e36\" data-id=\"8987e36\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-260b5ad9 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"260b5ad9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-xl\" href=\"\/en\/toxicity\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8 256c0 137 111 248 248 248s248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8 8 119 8 256zm448 0c0 110.5-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256 145.5 56 256 56s200 89.5 200 200zm-72-20v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12H256v67c0 10.7-12.9 16-20.5 8.5l-99-99c-4.7-4.7-4.7-12.3 0-17l99-99c7.6-7.6 20.5-2.2 20.5 8.5v67h116c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Toxicity<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23150550\" data-id=\"23150550\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ca27c4d elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3ca27c4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-xl\" href=\"\/en\/publications-in-humans\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Publications in Humans<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pharmacokinetics of chlorine dioxide in the form of CDS Pharmacokinetics studies the processes through which a drug passes through the body, focusing on the pattern and rate of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. The actions of all drugs are influenced by their pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand pharmacokinetics in order to make informed clinical decisions. This is achieved through the following points: \u00a0 Absorption: how the drug enters the bloodstream. Distribution: how the drug is distributed throughout the body tissues. Metabolism: how the drug is processed and transformed in the body. Excretion: how the drug is eliminated from the body. CDS release, CDS is a chlorine dioxide gas extremely soluble in water, due to its small size and V-shaped water molecule-like structure, able to create an ensemble due to a molecular angle of 117.6\u00ba that matches the 104.45\u00ba of\u00a0H2O\u00a0in such a way that it creates hexagonal structures. \u00a0 \u00a0This is a very interesting electromolecular effect,\u00a0 and it can be observed in microscopy after applying chlorine dioxide in\u00a0 blood Rouleaux with low oxygen\u00a0 after a few minutes. This phenomenon is fascinating as it demonstrates the ability of CDS to form ordered, hexagonal structures in a biological environment.\u00a0 \u00a0 Furthermore, the ability of CDS to rapidly dissolve in water and create these unique assemblies demonstrates its potential to be used in various fields, such as medicine and biotechnology. Studies have shown that CDS has antimicrobial oxidant and as well antioxidant properties due to its ORP oxidation-reduction potential (e.g., against OH* hydroxyl\u00a0 radicals, despite being an oxidant). This makes it a promising candidate for the development of new medical treatments. \u00a0 In summary, CDS is a fascinating substance with unique and promising scientific and medical qualities. \u00a0 Absorption of CDS Once an amount of 30 mg of CDS dissolved in water has been ingested (protocol C), the gas is released by evaporation in the stomach due to its temperature of approximately 36.5\u00ba C. It is important to keep in mind that CDS evaporates at 11\u00ba degrees Celsius, unlike sodium chlorite which evaporates at 170\u00b0C. \u00a0 Since the human body contains a significant amount of water, the mucous membranes of the stomach absorb this dissolved gas immediately. Because of its size, CDS easily diffuse\u00a0 the stomach walls according to Fick&#8217;s gas diffusion laws and moves through the blood system into the interstitium. Subsequently, it is transported to all parts of the body where water is present, being an extremely small molecule compared to the macromolecules of conventional drugs. Distribution in the body Thanks to its high solubility and small size of only 160 nm in water without hydrolysis, the CDS molecule is distributed randomly in the body, following Fick&#8217;s second law of conservation of mass in the absence of any chemical reaction. \u00a0 Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) transports oxygen: 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0contains 0.48 mg of oxygen. 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0is equivalent to 1.49 x 10-5 moles. 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0potentially contains 8.97 x 1018 molecules of\u00a0O2. 1 mole of\u00a0O2\u00a0occupies 22400 ml under normal conditions. 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0can potentially release 0.334 ml of\u00a0O2. Each ml of concentrated 0.3% CDS (3000 ppm) contains 3 mg of\u00a0ClO2. The amount of oxygen carried by chlorine dioxide is of great interest. It is pertinent to mention that the molecular weight of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0is 67 g\/mol, while the molecular weight of\u00a0O2\u00a0is 32 g\/mol. Therefore, oxygen constitutes 48% of the molecular weight of\u00a0ClO2. In this sense, it can be inferred that approximately 0.48 mg of oxygen is found in 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2. \u00a0 Considering that 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0is equivalent to 1.49 x 10-5 moles, it can be deduced that in 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0there are potentially about 8.97 x 1018 molecules of\u00a0O2. Under normal conditions, 1 mole of\u00a0O2\u00a0occupies 22.400 ml. Therefore, in 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0could release approximately 0.334 ml of\u00a0O2. Considering protocol C for covid-19, which consists of 10 ml of CDS at 3000 ppm, each ml of concentrated 0.3% CDS contains 3 mg of\u00a0ClO2. \u00a0 It is relevant to note that 1 ml of CDS can release 1.44 mg of\u00a0O2 an amount equivalent to 1 ml of dissolved\u00a0O2\u00a0in plasma. This figure is similar to the oxygen carried by 0.72 grams of hemoglobin under a partial pressure of oxygen of 100%. Therefore, 10 ml of CDS could provide 10 ml of molecular oxygen in blood after fully reacting in approximately 2-3 hours. It is important to emphasize that oxygen binds to the chlorine dioxide molecule without being consumed, until it reaches the problem area and dissociates in the presence of excess protons, as is the case with coronavirus capsids, which are oxidized by denaturation. In this way, oxygen first reaches the most acidic cells and their compromised mitochondria in the body, then eliminates pathogens or acidic toxins and restores pH balance. \u00a0 A beneficial side effect of this is cellular oxygenation. In relation to the amount of oxygen present in the blood, it is relevant to mention the partial pressure of oxygen, known as\u00a0PO2. In the pulmonary alveoli,\u00a0PO2\u00a0is 100 Torr, while in the capillaries it is 40 Torr. In interstitial tissue,\u00a0PO2\u00a0is only 10-20 Torr, at the cell membrane level it is 10 Torr and in the cell cytosol it is 2 Torr. In the mitochondria, the\u00a0PO2\u00a0is only about 0.2 Torr. 1 ml of CDS releases 1.44 mg of\u00a0O2, equivalent to 1 ml of dissolved\u00a0O2\u00a0in plasma. 10 ml of CDS can provide 10 ml of molecular oxygen in blood after fully reacting within 2 hours. \u00a0 Oxygen is bound to the chlorine dioxide molecule without being consumed and dissociates in the presence of excess protons in the problem area. The oxygen reaches the most acidic cells and their compromised mitochondria first, and the chlorine ion eliminates pathogens or acidic toxins and restores pH balance.\u00a0A beneficial side effect is cellular oxygenation. \u00a0 When we breathe oxygen diffuses through the capillary bed of the alveoli, 97% is bound to hemoglobin, while only the remaining 3% remains dissolved in the plasma. Red blood cells function as oxygen batteries that release oxygen mainly in the presence of lactic acid, &#8230; <a title=\"Mechanism of action\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Mechanism of action\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1375","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.2 (Yoast SEO v25.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mechanism of action - Andreas Kalcker<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mechanism of action\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pharmacokinetics of chlorine dioxide in the form of CDS Pharmacokinetics studies the processes through which a drug passes through the body, focusing on the pattern and rate of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. The actions of all drugs are influenced by their pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand pharmacokinetics in order to make informed clinical decisions. This is achieved through the following points: \u00a0 Absorption: how the drug enters the bloodstream. Distribution: how the drug is distributed throughout the body tissues. Metabolism: how the drug is processed and transformed in the body. Excretion: how the drug is eliminated from the body. CDS release, CDS is a chlorine dioxide gas extremely soluble in water, due to its small size and V-shaped water molecule-like structure, able to create an ensemble due to a molecular angle of 117.6\u00ba that matches the 104.45\u00ba of\u00a0H2O\u00a0in such a way that it creates hexagonal structures. \u00a0 \u00a0This is a very interesting electromolecular effect,\u00a0 and it can be observed in microscopy after applying chlorine dioxide in\u00a0 blood Rouleaux with low oxygen\u00a0 after a few minutes. This phenomenon is fascinating as it demonstrates the ability of CDS to form ordered, hexagonal structures in a biological environment.\u00a0 \u00a0 Furthermore, the ability of CDS to rapidly dissolve in water and create these unique assemblies demonstrates its potential to be used in various fields, such as medicine and biotechnology. Studies have shown that CDS has antimicrobial oxidant and as well antioxidant properties due to its ORP oxidation-reduction potential (e.g., against OH* hydroxyl\u00a0 radicals, despite being an oxidant). This makes it a promising candidate for the development of new medical treatments. \u00a0 In summary, CDS is a fascinating substance with unique and promising scientific and medical qualities. \u00a0 Absorption of CDS Once an amount of 30 mg of CDS dissolved in water has been ingested (protocol C), the gas is released by evaporation in the stomach due to its temperature of approximately 36.5\u00ba C. It is important to keep in mind that CDS evaporates at 11\u00ba degrees Celsius, unlike sodium chlorite which evaporates at 170\u00b0C. \u00a0 Since the human body contains a significant amount of water, the mucous membranes of the stomach absorb this dissolved gas immediately. Because of its size, CDS easily diffuse\u00a0 the stomach walls according to Fick&#8217;s gas diffusion laws and moves through the blood system into the interstitium. Subsequently, it is transported to all parts of the body where water is present, being an extremely small molecule compared to the macromolecules of conventional drugs. Distribution in the body Thanks to its high solubility and small size of only 160 nm in water without hydrolysis, the CDS molecule is distributed randomly in the body, following Fick&#8217;s second law of conservation of mass in the absence of any chemical reaction. \u00a0 Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) transports oxygen: 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0contains 0.48 mg of oxygen. 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0is equivalent to 1.49 x 10-5 moles. 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0potentially contains 8.97 x 1018 molecules of\u00a0O2. 1 mole of\u00a0O2\u00a0occupies 22400 ml under normal conditions. 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0can potentially release 0.334 ml of\u00a0O2. Each ml of concentrated 0.3% CDS (3000 ppm) contains 3 mg of\u00a0ClO2. The amount of oxygen carried by chlorine dioxide is of great interest. It is pertinent to mention that the molecular weight of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0is 67 g\/mol, while the molecular weight of\u00a0O2\u00a0is 32 g\/mol. Therefore, oxygen constitutes 48% of the molecular weight of\u00a0ClO2. In this sense, it can be inferred that approximately 0.48 mg of oxygen is found in 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2. \u00a0 Considering that 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0is equivalent to 1.49 x 10-5 moles, it can be deduced that in 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0there are potentially about 8.97 x 1018 molecules of\u00a0O2. Under normal conditions, 1 mole of\u00a0O2\u00a0occupies 22.400 ml. Therefore, in 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0could release approximately 0.334 ml of\u00a0O2. Considering protocol C for covid-19, which consists of 10 ml of CDS at 3000 ppm, each ml of concentrated 0.3% CDS contains 3 mg of\u00a0ClO2. \u00a0 It is relevant to note that 1 ml of CDS can release 1.44 mg of\u00a0O2 an amount equivalent to 1 ml of dissolved\u00a0O2\u00a0in plasma. This figure is similar to the oxygen carried by 0.72 grams of hemoglobin under a partial pressure of oxygen of 100%. Therefore, 10 ml of CDS could provide 10 ml of molecular oxygen in blood after fully reacting in approximately 2-3 hours. It is important to emphasize that oxygen binds to the chlorine dioxide molecule without being consumed, until it reaches the problem area and dissociates in the presence of excess protons, as is the case with coronavirus capsids, which are oxidized by denaturation. In this way, oxygen first reaches the most acidic cells and their compromised mitochondria in the body, then eliminates pathogens or acidic toxins and restores pH balance. \u00a0 A beneficial side effect of this is cellular oxygenation. In relation to the amount of oxygen present in the blood, it is relevant to mention the partial pressure of oxygen, known as\u00a0PO2. In the pulmonary alveoli,\u00a0PO2\u00a0is 100 Torr, while in the capillaries it is 40 Torr. In interstitial tissue,\u00a0PO2\u00a0is only 10-20 Torr, at the cell membrane level it is 10 Torr and in the cell cytosol it is 2 Torr. In the mitochondria, the\u00a0PO2\u00a0is only about 0.2 Torr. 1 ml of CDS releases 1.44 mg of\u00a0O2, equivalent to 1 ml of dissolved\u00a0O2\u00a0in plasma. 10 ml of CDS can provide 10 ml of molecular oxygen in blood after fully reacting within 2 hours. \u00a0 Oxygen is bound to the chlorine dioxide molecule without being consumed and dissociates in the presence of excess protons in the problem area. The oxygen reaches the most acidic cells and their compromised mitochondria first, and the chlorine ion eliminates pathogens or acidic toxins and restores pH balance.\u00a0A beneficial side effect is cellular oxygenation. \u00a0 When we breathe oxygen diffuses through the capillary bed of the alveoli, 97% is bound to hemoglobin, while only the remaining 3% remains dissolved in the plasma. Red blood cells function as oxygen batteries that release oxygen mainly in the presence of lactic acid, ... Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Andreas Kalcker\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-17T13:17:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/\",\"name\":\"Mechanism of action - Andreas Kalcker\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-17T18:42:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-17T13:17:25+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Mechanism of action\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/\",\"name\":\"Andreas Kalcker\",\"description\":\"Official website\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Mechanism of action - Andreas Kalcker","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mechanism of action","og_description":"Pharmacokinetics of chlorine dioxide in the form of CDS Pharmacokinetics studies the processes through which a drug passes through the body, focusing on the pattern and rate of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. The actions of all drugs are influenced by their pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand pharmacokinetics in order to make informed clinical decisions. This is achieved through the following points: \u00a0 Absorption: how the drug enters the bloodstream. Distribution: how the drug is distributed throughout the body tissues. Metabolism: how the drug is processed and transformed in the body. Excretion: how the drug is eliminated from the body. CDS release, CDS is a chlorine dioxide gas extremely soluble in water, due to its small size and V-shaped water molecule-like structure, able to create an ensemble due to a molecular angle of 117.6\u00ba that matches the 104.45\u00ba of\u00a0H2O\u00a0in such a way that it creates hexagonal structures. \u00a0 \u00a0This is a very interesting electromolecular effect,\u00a0 and it can be observed in microscopy after applying chlorine dioxide in\u00a0 blood Rouleaux with low oxygen\u00a0 after a few minutes. This phenomenon is fascinating as it demonstrates the ability of CDS to form ordered, hexagonal structures in a biological environment.\u00a0 \u00a0 Furthermore, the ability of CDS to rapidly dissolve in water and create these unique assemblies demonstrates its potential to be used in various fields, such as medicine and biotechnology. Studies have shown that CDS has antimicrobial oxidant and as well antioxidant properties due to its ORP oxidation-reduction potential (e.g., against OH* hydroxyl\u00a0 radicals, despite being an oxidant). This makes it a promising candidate for the development of new medical treatments. \u00a0 In summary, CDS is a fascinating substance with unique and promising scientific and medical qualities. \u00a0 Absorption of CDS Once an amount of 30 mg of CDS dissolved in water has been ingested (protocol C), the gas is released by evaporation in the stomach due to its temperature of approximately 36.5\u00ba C. It is important to keep in mind that CDS evaporates at 11\u00ba degrees Celsius, unlike sodium chlorite which evaporates at 170\u00b0C. \u00a0 Since the human body contains a significant amount of water, the mucous membranes of the stomach absorb this dissolved gas immediately. Because of its size, CDS easily diffuse\u00a0 the stomach walls according to Fick&#8217;s gas diffusion laws and moves through the blood system into the interstitium. Subsequently, it is transported to all parts of the body where water is present, being an extremely small molecule compared to the macromolecules of conventional drugs. Distribution in the body Thanks to its high solubility and small size of only 160 nm in water without hydrolysis, the CDS molecule is distributed randomly in the body, following Fick&#8217;s second law of conservation of mass in the absence of any chemical reaction. \u00a0 Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) transports oxygen: 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0contains 0.48 mg of oxygen. 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0is equivalent to 1.49 x 10-5 moles. 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0potentially contains 8.97 x 1018 molecules of\u00a0O2. 1 mole of\u00a0O2\u00a0occupies 22400 ml under normal conditions. 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0can potentially release 0.334 ml of\u00a0O2. Each ml of concentrated 0.3% CDS (3000 ppm) contains 3 mg of\u00a0ClO2. The amount of oxygen carried by chlorine dioxide is of great interest. It is pertinent to mention that the molecular weight of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0is 67 g\/mol, while the molecular weight of\u00a0O2\u00a0is 32 g\/mol. Therefore, oxygen constitutes 48% of the molecular weight of\u00a0ClO2. In this sense, it can be inferred that approximately 0.48 mg of oxygen is found in 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2. \u00a0 Considering that 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0is equivalent to 1.49 x 10-5 moles, it can be deduced that in 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0there are potentially about 8.97 x 1018 molecules of\u00a0O2. Under normal conditions, 1 mole of\u00a0O2\u00a0occupies 22.400 ml. Therefore, in 1 mg of\u00a0ClO2\u00a0could release approximately 0.334 ml of\u00a0O2. Considering protocol C for covid-19, which consists of 10 ml of CDS at 3000 ppm, each ml of concentrated 0.3% CDS contains 3 mg of\u00a0ClO2. \u00a0 It is relevant to note that 1 ml of CDS can release 1.44 mg of\u00a0O2 an amount equivalent to 1 ml of dissolved\u00a0O2\u00a0in plasma. This figure is similar to the oxygen carried by 0.72 grams of hemoglobin under a partial pressure of oxygen of 100%. Therefore, 10 ml of CDS could provide 10 ml of molecular oxygen in blood after fully reacting in approximately 2-3 hours. It is important to emphasize that oxygen binds to the chlorine dioxide molecule without being consumed, until it reaches the problem area and dissociates in the presence of excess protons, as is the case with coronavirus capsids, which are oxidized by denaturation. In this way, oxygen first reaches the most acidic cells and their compromised mitochondria in the body, then eliminates pathogens or acidic toxins and restores pH balance. \u00a0 A beneficial side effect of this is cellular oxygenation. In relation to the amount of oxygen present in the blood, it is relevant to mention the partial pressure of oxygen, known as\u00a0PO2. In the pulmonary alveoli,\u00a0PO2\u00a0is 100 Torr, while in the capillaries it is 40 Torr. In interstitial tissue,\u00a0PO2\u00a0is only 10-20 Torr, at the cell membrane level it is 10 Torr and in the cell cytosol it is 2 Torr. In the mitochondria, the\u00a0PO2\u00a0is only about 0.2 Torr. 1 ml of CDS releases 1.44 mg of\u00a0O2, equivalent to 1 ml of dissolved\u00a0O2\u00a0in plasma. 10 ml of CDS can provide 10 ml of molecular oxygen in blood after fully reacting within 2 hours. \u00a0 Oxygen is bound to the chlorine dioxide molecule without being consumed and dissociates in the presence of excess protons in the problem area. The oxygen reaches the most acidic cells and their compromised mitochondria first, and the chlorine ion eliminates pathogens or acidic toxins and restores pH balance.\u00a0A beneficial side effect is cellular oxygenation. \u00a0 When we breathe oxygen diffuses through the capillary bed of the alveoli, 97% is bound to hemoglobin, while only the remaining 3% remains dissolved in the plasma. Red blood cells function as oxygen batteries that release oxygen mainly in the presence of lactic acid, ... Read more","og_url":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/","og_site_name":"Andreas Kalcker","article_modified_time":"2024-01-17T13:17:25+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/","url":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/","name":"Mechanism of action - Andreas Kalcker","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png","datePublished":"2023-07-17T18:42:20+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-17T13:17:25+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/O2-Bindungskurve.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/mechanism-of-action\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Mechanism of action"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/","name":"Andreas Kalcker","description":"Official website","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1375","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1375"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1375\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andreaskalcker.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}